HTML

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Hyper Text Markup Language

Contents

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Description

HTML is a language used to design the structure of a webpage. It was developed at CERN in Geneva by Tim Berners-Lee. It is a document written using a number of tags, some fixed and some optional. HTML files are read and displayed by web browsers such as Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox.

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Tags

Most tags have both an opening and a closing tag. 

<tag></tag>

Tags that don't have a closing tag place the backslash before the greater than sign. 

<tag/>

Tags can have attributes that give the browser more details about the element. Each tag has its own fixed and optional attributes. 

<tag attribute="100"></tag>

Each tag must fit inside another, there is no overlapping of tags allowed. Bad: 

<tag1>
  <tag2>
    Hello
  </tag1>
</tag2>

Good: 

<tag1>
  <tag2>
    Hello
  </tag2>
</tag1>
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Fixed Tags

  • <!DOCTYPE> - Specifies the type and version of html used
  • <html></html> - Contains the html document
    • <head></head> - The header for the document, none of this is displayed in the browser
      • <title></title> - The title that appear at the top of the browser window
    • <body></body> - The part visible in the browser
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Other Tags

  • <script language="javascript"></script> - Contains or links to JavaScript code
  • <link/> - Allows for linking of CSS stylesheet
  • <div></div> - Contains a block for content
  • <b></b> - Bold text
  • <i></i> - Italicized text
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Example

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My Site</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    This is <b>my</b> site. <i>I</i> own it.
  </body>
</html>
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Javascript and DOM

Javascript can be used to edit the Document Object Model(DOM) where the browser stores all the tags. Javascript can insert, modify and remove elements. This is a vital part of AJAX or game play as the page could not be modified dynamically otherwise.

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Links

Retrieved from "http://gpwiki.org/index.php/HTML"